Everything about Bernhard Fernow totally explained
Bernhard Eduard Fernow (
January 7 1851 –
February 6 1923) was the Chief of the Division of Forestry of the
United States from 1886 – 1898, preceding
Gifford Pinchot in that position, and laying much of the groundwork for the establishment of the
United States Forest Service in 1905. Called "the Father of American Forestry" Fernow's philosophy toward forest management may be traced to Cotta's preface to
Anweisung zum Waldbau (Instruction in Silviculture) or Linnaeus' "economy of nature".
Fernow was born in
Hohensalza (Inowrocław) in
Prussian Poland. After studying at the
University of Königsberg and the Forest Academy at
Münden, he immigrated to the United States.
As Chief Forester, Fernow's main policy goals were the establishment of a national forest system and introduction of scientific forest management. He produced many scientific reports while working toward the creation of
national forests to protect watersheds. They were established in 1891 but placed under the control of the Department of Interior's General Land Office. He then labored in vain for their transfer from the GLO to his office in the Department of Agriculture.
After twelve years as Chief Forester, in 1898, Fernow resigned out of frustration to become the first dean of the New York State College of Forestry at
Cornell University. The program was the first four-year forestry school in the United States. When the college forest ran afoul of its rich neighbors in the Adirondacks, New York governor
Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr. vetoed an appropriation for the college's operating funds in 1903, effectively closing the school. In 1907, Fernow became the founding Dean of the
University of Toronto's Faculty of Forestry, Canada's first university school devoted to forest science. He served as editor-in-chief of the
Journal of Forestry, which he'd started at Cornell in 1902, until his death in 1923. His reputation and legacy have suffered because of the success and self-promotional efforts of Gifford Pinchot and others at Fernow's expense.
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